监测普遍的空气传播疾病，例如COVID-19的特征涉及呼吸评估。虽然听诊是一种症状监测的主流方法，但其诊断效用受到专用医院就诊的需求而受到阻碍。基于便携式设备上呼吸道声音的记录，持续的远程监视是一种有希望的替代方法，可以帮助筛选Covid-19。在这项研究中，我们介绍了一种新型的深度学习方法，可以将Covid-19患者与健康对照组区分开，鉴于咳嗽或呼吸声的音频记录。所提出的方法利用新型的层次谱图变压器（HST）在呼吸声的光谱图表示上。 HST在频谱图中体现了在本地窗口上的自我发挥机制，并且窗口大小在模型阶段逐渐生长，以捕获本地环境。将HST与最新的常规和深度学习基线进行比较。在跨国数据集上进行的全面演示表明，HST优于竞争方法，在检测COVID-19案例中，在接收器操作特征曲线（AUC）下达到了97％以上的面积。

Ranking intuitionistic fuzzy sets with distance based ranking methods requires to calculate the distance between intuitionistic fuzzy set and a reference point which is known to have either maximum (positive ideal solution) or minimum (negative ideal solution) value. These group of approaches assume that as the distance of an intuitionistic fuzzy set to the reference point is decreases, the similarity of intuitionistic fuzzy set with that point increases. This is a misconception because an intuitionistic fuzzy set which has the shortest distance to positive ideal solution does not have to be the furthest from negative ideal solution for all circumstances when the distance function is nonlinear. This paper gives a mathematical proof of why this assumption is not valid for any of the non-linear distance functions and suggests a hypervolume based ranking approach as an alternative to distance based ranking. In addition, the suggested ranking approach is extended as a new multicriteria decision making method, HyperVolume based ASsessment (HVAS). HVAS is applied for multicriteria assessment of Turkey's energy alternatives. Results are compared with three well known distance based multicriteria decision making methods (TOPSIS, VIKOR, and CODAS).

A large portion of today's world population suffer from vision impairments and wear prescription eyeglasses. However, eyeglasses causes additional bulk and discomfort when used with augmented and virtual reality headsets, thereby negatively impacting the viewer's visual experience. In this work, we remedy the usage of prescription eyeglasses in Virtual Reality (VR) headsets by shifting the optical complexity completely into software and propose a prescription-aware rendering approach for providing sharper and immersive VR imagery. To this end, we develop a differentiable display and visual perception model encapsulating display-specific parameters, color and visual acuity of human visual system and the user-specific refractive errors. Using this differentiable visual perception model, we optimize the rendered imagery in the display using stochastic gradient-descent solvers. This way, we provide prescription glasses-free sharper images for a person with vision impairments. We evaluate our approach on various displays, including desktops and VR headsets, and show significant quality and contrast improvements for users with vision impairments.

Digital sensors can lead to noisy results under many circumstances. To be able to remove the undesired noise from images, proper noise modeling and an accurate noise parameter estimation is crucial. In this project, we use a Poisson-Gaussian noise model for the raw-images captured by the sensor, as it fits the physical characteristics of the sensor closely. Moreover, we limit ourselves to the case where observed (noisy), and ground-truth (noise-free) image pairs are available. Using such pairs is beneficial for the noise estimation and is not widely studied in literature. Based on this model, we derive the theoretical maximum likelihood solution, discuss its practical implementation and optimization. Further, we propose two algorithms based on variance and cumulant statistics. Finally, we compare the results of our methods with two different approaches, a CNN we trained ourselves, and another one taken from literature. The comparison between all these methods shows that our algorithms outperform the others in terms of MSE and have good additional properties.

Image noise can often be accurately fitted to a Poisson-Gaussian distribution. However, estimating the distribution parameters from a noisy image only is a challenging task. Here, we study the case when paired noisy and noise-free samples are accessible. No method is currently available to exploit the noise-free information, which may help to achieve more accurate estimations. To fill this gap, we derive a novel, cumulant-based, approach for Poisson-Gaussian noise modeling from paired image samples. We show its improved performance over different baselines, with special emphasis on MSE, effect of outliers, image dependence, and bias. We additionally derive the log-likelihood function for further insights and discuss real-world applicability.

不确定性在未来预测中起关键作用。未来是不确定的。这意味着可能有很多可能的未来。未来的预测方法应涵盖坚固的全部可能性。在自动驾驶中，涵盖预测部分中的多种模式对于做出安全至关重要的决策至关重要。尽管近年来计算机视觉系统已大大提高，但如今的未来预测仍然很困难。几个示例是未来的不确定性，全面理解的要求以及嘈杂的输出空间。在本论文中，我们通过以随机方式明确地对运动进行建模并学习潜在空间中的时间动态，从而提出了解决这些挑战的解决方案。

在这项工作中，我们提出了一种可以使用单变量全局优化器来解决多元全局优化问题的元算法。尽管与多元案例相比，单变量的全球优化并没有得到太多关注，而多元案例在学术界和行业中更加强调。我们表明它仍然是相关的，可以直接用于解决多元优化的问题。我们还提供了相应的遗憾界限，并在具有强大的遗憾保证的情况下对非负噪声的强劲性，而单变量优化器的平均遗憾和单变量优化器的平均遗憾。

深度学习方法为多级医学图像细分实现了令人印象深刻的表现。但是，它们的编码不同类别（例如遏制和排除）之间拓扑相互作用的能力受到限制。这些约束自然出现在生物医学图像中，对于提高分割质量至关重要。在本文中，我们介绍了一个新型的拓扑交互模块，将拓扑相互作用编码为深神经网络。该实施完全基于卷积，因此非常有效。这使我们有能力将约束结合到端到端培训中，并丰富神经网络的功能表示。该方法的功效在不同类型的相互作用上得到了验证。我们还证明了该方法在2D和3D设置以及跨越CT和超声之类的不同模式中的专有和公共挑战数据集上的普遍性。代码可在以下网址找到：https：//github.com/topoxlab/topointeraction

联合学习的一个区别特征是（本地）客户数据可能具有统计异质性。这种异质性激发了个性化学习的设计，该学习是通过协作培训个人（个性化）模型的。文献中提出了各种个性化方法，似乎截然不同的形式和方法，从将单个全球模型用于本地正规化和模型插值，再到将多个全球模型用于个性化聚类等。在这项工作中，我们开始使用生成框架，可以统一几种不同的算法并暗示新算法。我们将生成框架应用于个性化的估计，并将其连接到经典的经验贝叶斯方法。我们在此框架下制定私人个性化估计。然后，我们将生成框架用于学习，该框架统一了几种已知的个性化FL算法，并提出了新算法。我们建议并研究一种基于知识蒸馏的新算法，该算法的数值优于几种已知算法。我们还为个性化学习方法开发隐私，并保证用户级的隐私和组成。我们通过数值评估估计和学习问题的性能以及隐私，证明了我们提出的方法的优势。

预测场景中代理的未来位置是自动驾驶中的一个重要问题。近年来，在代表现场及其代理商方面取得了重大进展。代理与场景和彼此之间的相互作用通常由图神经网络建模。但是，图形结构主要是静态的，无法表示高度动态场景中的时间变化。在这项工作中，我们提出了一个时间图表示，以更好地捕获流量场景中的动态。我们用两种类型的内存模块补充表示形式。一个专注于感兴趣的代理，另一个专注于整个场景。这使我们能够学习暂时意识的表示，即使对多个未来进行简单回归，也可以取得良好的结果。当与目标条件预测结合使用时，我们会显示出更好的结果，可以在Argoverse基准中达到最先进的性能。